Voltage of car battery

11.31. 0%. 10.50. 12V Lead-acid battery voltage chart. 12.6 volts or more: A voltage reading of over 12.6 volts indicates that your battery is fully charged and in good condition, so there is nothing to worry about. 12.5 volts: A reading of 12.5 volts shows that your battery is healthy and 90% charged. The amperage battery drain test; The voltage drop battery drain test; The bad alternator diode test; The car battery hydrometer test; The first three tests require the use of a digital multimeter. If you don't have one, you can buy a useful multimeter for around 20 dollars. And you don't need to have much experience in car repair …Jul 13, 2023 · Your battery is fully charged if the voltage measurement is about 12.66 volts. When the engine is operating, the voltage of a completely charged automobile battery should be between 13.7-14.7 volts. However, do not check the battery while the vehicle is running, as this is more of an alternator test than a battery test. If there is a big drop in voltage from the time you tested it, you know there’s an issue there. You can test your alternator by starting your car and using a multi-meter across the battery terminals to measure voltage If the voltage is between 13 and 14.5 volts, then your alternator is charging the battery. Further tests can determine if the ... The voltage of a battery is a fundamental characteristic of a battery, which is determined by the chemical reactions in the battery, the concentrations of the battery components, and the polarization of the battery. The voltage calculated from equilibrium conditions is typically known as the nominal battery voltage.A 12 volt lead acid battery in a room where the temperature is 86°F (30°C) has a float voltage of 13.28. If the room temperature were to drop to68°F (20°C) the float voltage required would increase to 13.52. Many modern smart chargers are designed to charge batteries until they are full and then relax the …12.6V volts or above - Your battery is healthy and fully charged.No further action is required. 12.5 volts - Your battery is at a healthy state of charge, but we'd recommend re-checking it within a few days to ensure the voltage hasn't dropped any further.; 12.1 - 12.4 volts - Your battery is partially discharged and should be recharged as soon as possible, using a …15 Jan 2017 ... The specs for the Uno recommend a voltage between 7 and 12v and a limit of 6-20v so I see no reason why you would not connect directly to a 12v ...The charging current is measured in amps, and the voltage of the charging source must be higher than the voltage of the battery being charged. ... The recommended ampere setting to efficiently charge a 12V car battery is 10% of its capacity. For example, if the battery has a capacity of 50Ah, the charging current should be set at 5A. ...OPTIMA YELLOWTOP batteries are designed for both starting and deep-cycle use, so their normal voltage range is about 13.0-13.2 volts. OPTIMA obviously makes BLUETOP batteries as well and the normal voltage for those batteries is also about 13.0-13.2 volts, except for the 34M BLUETOP, which is the marine version of our Group 34 REDTOP …Here comes the exciting part! Let’s break down the AGM battery voltage chart. When your AGM battery is fully charged, it should show around 12.8 to 13.0 volts. Consider this the gold standard. But as your battery discharges, the voltage drops gradually. Don’t fret; it’s perfectly normal!Let's say the charging station charges 48 cents per kWh, so it will cost about $37 to fully charge its 77.4-kWh battery pack (although EVs usually aren't fully charged at fast-charging stations ...Yes, car battery voltage can be too high, which can lead to damaging effects on the battery and electrical components of the vehicle. Understanding car battery voltage: The voltage of a car battery typically ranges between 12.6 and 12.8 volts when fully charged. This voltage level is crucial for the proper functioning of the vehicle’s ...For a 12v flooded battery, the typical absorption voltage ranges from 14.4 to 14.9 volts; the typical float voltage ranges from 13.1 to 13.4 volts. Flooded batteries are common and found in many applications, such as automotive starting batteries, motorcycle batteries, ATV batteries, golf cart batteries, and flooded batteries for solar and ...Oct 29, 2020 · Verify the voltage – Connect the voltmeter. Like jumpstarting a car, the red cable connects to the positive terminal and the black cable to the negative terminal. A standard car battery contains six cells, each producing about 2.1 volts. Therefore, a healthy battery will read 12.6V. Between 10V and 12.6V will mean you can recondition the battery. Understanding the battery voltage lets you comprehend the ideal voltage to charge or discharge the battery. This Jackery guide reveals battery voltage charts of different batteries, such as lead-acid, AGM, lithium-ion, LiFePO4, and deep-cycle batteries. ... Whether a 12V car battery or a 24V deep cycle battery, the term "battery voltage" is ...A fully charged battery should read around 12.6 volts, but a significantly lower voltage may indicate a weak or dying battery requiring attention. Regular driving helps keep the …A fully charged battery should read around 12.6 volts, but a significantly lower voltage may indicate a weak or dying battery requiring attention. Regular driving helps keep the …In fact, a fully charged battery should measure at least 12.6 volts when the engine is off. When the engine is running, the voltage should read between 13.7 and ...10 Jun 2008 ... With the engine not running, a car battery will have a voltage reading of 12 volts (that's why they call it a 12 volt battery). The normal ...Purchasing a new battery for your car, truck, or SUV seems pretty standard. You find the right size and power for your vehicle and take what’s available. In reality, some car batte...XS Power D3400 XS Series. Now 11% Off. $320 at Amazon $380 at Walmart $400 at crutchfield.com. Pros. The battery of choice for competition car audio. Sealed and spill-proof AGM technology. Cons ...A healthy 12-volt AGM battery should have an open-circuit voltage of at least 11.7V. The expected open-circuit voltage depends on the State of Charge of the unit; for more numbers on this, see above. When loaded, A healthy 12-volt AGM battery may show voltages anywhere between 8V and 13V.How to Test a Car Battery with a Multimeter. Turn the headlights on for two minutes to get rid of any surface charge the battery may have. Set the multimeter to 15-20 volts. Turn the lights off. Connect the multimeter to the positive and negative battery terminals. If you don’t have a voltage of around 12.6 volts, …How to Test a Car Battery. You can use a multimeter to find out if your battery has enough charge. With the headlights on, at 80°F, there should be a voltage drop of at least 11.8 volts (25% charged), and ideally 12.5 volts, between the positive and negative terminals.For general purposes, the car battery is referred to as a 12-volt battery. When the engine is off, and the battery is fully charged, the battery will contain 12.6 …A fully-charged car battery has 12.6 volts or above, and the value rises to 13.7 to 14.7 volts with a running engine. Prepare your vehicle for the battery test by turning off anything that uses battery power and disconnecting the ignition. Check for dead battery terminals with a multimeter. Test the battery with a voltmeter or a power probe.The ordinary car battery is several cells, 6 to be exact, usually giving 2 volts each connected in series to give the 12 volts of the battery. A string of batteries may be connected to the float charger in series safely to maintain …How do car batteries work? The main types of lead-acid battery are flooded (wet), AGM and gel. Lead-acid batteries are made up of 6 cells. Each cell provides 2.13V and when fully charged the whole battery has a voltage of 12.72V. ... (0 degrees Fahrenheit) before the battery voltage falls to unusable levels (around 7.2V). It …Testing your car battery voltage. The simplest and best way to perform a car battery check is to use a car battery tester. These are available from any good car accessory retailer and are very ...Nominal battery voltage is the voltage of a fully charged cell or battery when delivering rated capacity at a specific discharge rate. The nominal voltage per cell is 2V for Lead Acid, 1.2V for Nickel-Cadmium, 1.2V for Nickel Metal Hydride and 3.9V for Lithium Ion (small cells only). Let’s dig into it and see if we can figure it out.The 12-volt battery in this 2001 BMW Z3 is fully-charged at about 12.6-12.8 volts. While this car is 20 years old, it does have some electrical accessories that stay on, even when the car is parked, like the clock in the radio and the seat memory. Over time, those accessories will discharge the battery and we let it sit for a week, to …Feb 23, 2022 · Test the battery voltage. Turn off the ignition and any accessories like lights or the radio in the vehicle. If your multimeter is not autoranging, set it to 20V DC. Place the red lead on the positive battery terminal (indicated by a red cover or a + symbol). Place the black lead on the negative terminal. Car battery charging – step-by-step. Disconnect the connecting cables. Important: The cable which is connected to the negative terminal must be disconnected first. This prevents a short circuit between …A guide for 12v Car, Commercial, Leisure and Marine batteries. A 12 Volt battery contains 6 x 2 volt cells but 12v is the nominal voltage. The actual open circuit voltage of a 100% charged battery is between 12.70v and 12.80v because each cell is approximately 2.13v. OCV. 12.60v to 12.80v*. Fully charged battery, perfect for …Lithium-ion battery voltage charts are a great way to understand your system and safely charge batteries. Jackery Explorer 3000 Pro Power Station has a lithium-ion battery with an incredibly long life cycle lasting approximately 2000 cycles. The battery backup has a capacity of 3024Wh and can charge 99% of …Voltage Rating: Two very common rating that you can find to be marked on a battery is its voltage rating and Ah Rating. Lead acid batteries are commonly of 12V and lithium batteries are of 3.7V. This is called the nominal voltage of a battery. This does not mean the battery will provide 3.7V across its …Car batteries are designed for one purpose – provide a powerful, quick, high-amperage current to the starter to start the car, and then constantly have this charge of 12.6 volts maintained by the alternator once the car is running. The following things, however, can cause a battery to either not retain that charge, or not … We gave you the definitive Car Battery Voltage Chart for cars in the UK, in 2023. We talked about what these voltages actually mean, and how you can interpret the battery voltages you measure. We noted that 12.6-12.7 Volts is the normally voltage for a fully charged battery, and showed which voltages correspond to which approximate charge % level. Oct 23, 2023 · What is a good state of charge for a car battery? A good state of charge for a car battery is between 75% and 100%. In general, it is recommended to keep the battery charged as much as possible to ensure optimal performance and longevity. What is state of charge for 12v battery? The state of charge for a 12v battery is the same as any other ... Normal Battery Voltage When Car is Running! Assuming you are asking about a normal, 12-volt lead-acid car battery: The average voltage of a car battery when the engine is running is between 13.7 and 14.7 volts. This higher voltage is necessary to charge the battery and run the electrical components in …Top 7 Best Car Batteries. 1. ACDelco Gold – Best Car Battery Overall. Cold-cranking amps: 760. Connection Type: Top post. Battery Type: AGM. Warranty: 36 months. Weight: 45.5 pounds. If you’re looking for the best overall battery for your car or truck, look no further than the ACDelco Gold.Signs of an overcharged car battery include loss of water, battery failure or a hydrogen explosion. In vehicles equipped with an onboard computer, the overcharging battery causes f...To check your battery, follow these steps: Set the device to read DC (direct current) voltage. After doing this, set the dial to 20 volts so you will be able to measure 0-20 volts. A fully charged battery should give out at least 12.6 volts, so setting the dial to 20 volts is enough.Test the battery voltage. Turn off the ignition and any accessories like lights or the radio in the vehicle. If your multimeter is not autoranging, set it to 20V DC. Place the red lead on the positive battery terminal (indicated by a red cover or a + symbol). Place the black lead on the negative terminal.Set your digital voltmeter to a low range on the direct current (DC) voltage scale and turn the meter on. Touch the negative battery post with the negative probe of your voltmeter. The negative battery terminal has a minus sign (-) next to it. Your voltmeter's negative probe has black insulation. Now, touch the …Cranking voltage is the voltage required to start an engine. It is typically around 12 volts. Battery voltage is the voltage that a battery produces when it is fully charged by cables. It is typically around 14 volts. Battery Drops to 7 Volts When Starting . If you’ve ever had your car battery die on you, you know …29 Mar 2021 ... No photo description available. Corvette Furman. Local Business.If this is battery operated, then most likely it will work fine on 5 volts. If you are worried about the exact voltage, use a adjustable regulator to make 4.5V. Keep in mind that a linear regulator dissipates the difference in voltage times the current as heat. If the radio draws 100 mA, for example, then a 5V linear regulator would dissipate ...27 Jun 2012 ... Sometimes you need a constant powersupply for devices. You need a buck-boos-inverter with a input range from 10V to 16V an a constant output of ...How do car batteries work? The main types of lead-acid battery are flooded (wet), AGM and gel. Lead-acid batteries are made up of 6 cells. Each cell provides 2.13V and when fully charged the whole battery has a voltage of 12.72V. ... (0 degrees Fahrenheit) before the battery voltage falls to unusable levels (around 7.2V). It …Jan 7, 2023 · Learn how to measure the voltage of a car battery with a multimeter or a simple test. Find out the ideal range of car battery voltage and how to maintain it. Three traditional measures of battery power are listed right on the label. Cranking Amps (CA) – Indicates the number of amps a new, fully charged battery can deliver continuously at 32° F for 30 seconds while maintaining a voltage of at least 7.2 volts. Cold Cranking Amps (CCA) – Refers to how much power the battery can generate while “cold,” …Investors should consider investing in battery stocks as they are an attractive investment option owing to the growth in electric vehicles. Investing in EV is a good idea, but ther...How do car batteries work? The main types of lead-acid battery are flooded (wet), AGM and gel. Lead-acid batteries are made up of 6 cells. Each cell provides 2.13V and when fully charged the whole battery has a voltage of 12.72V. ... (0 degrees Fahrenheit) before the battery voltage falls to unusable levels (around 7.2V). It …When the probes touch the terminals while the car is off and the battery is resting, the multimeter display should show a reading of 12.2 to 12.6 volts (full charge). …It’s that time a year again when you wake up, it’s cold out and your car won’t crank ~12.6V: fully charged~12.4V: 75% charge~12.2V: 50%~12V: 25%11.9V …2. Don’t just idle. To keep your battery in good condition throughout the winter, you should be driving your car for 10km or more a few times each week at least. When you drive your car, the alternator is busy working to charge the battery, replenishing the power that was drawn to start the engine. If you’re only turning on your car to idle ...A 12 volt lead acid battery in a room where the temperature is 86°F (30°C) has a float voltage of 13.28. If the room temperature were to drop to68°F (20°C) the float voltage required would increase to 13.52. Many modern smart chargers are designed to charge batteries until they are full and then relax the …USB car chargers are common, but less so are ones that keep charging your gear when the car is off, or that can double as an external battery pack. The Nomad RoadTrip is both: It’l...This enables the vehicle to replenish its huge battery at up to 350 kW from a powerful enough Level 3 DC fast charger that supports 800 volts, or it can stay at 400 …V – Voltage of the battery; and; Q – Battery capacity, measured in amp-hours. ... 5 hours, assuming that you have a 12 V 200 Ah car battery and a charging rate is 0.2C. To find it: Calculate the runtime to full capacity using t = 1/C: t = 1/0.2 = 5 hours or 300 minutes.A car battery commonly holds 12.6 to 15 volts, contrary to its common label of a “12-volt” battery. In fact, a fully charged battery should measure at least 12.6 volts when the engine is off. When the engine is running, the voltage should read between 13.7 and 14.7 volts. Truth is, anything less than 12.2 volts without the engine running is ...Discharge curve of NiMH battery. The above data are the results tested at ambient temperatures of 25°C, 0°C, -20°C, and -40°C, respectively. As can be seen from the chart: When the NiMH discharge voltage is lower than 1.1V, its power decreases rapidly. So in practice, we usually set the cutoff voltage of RC cars running NiMH to 0.9V.Aspirin has acidic properties that can alter a battery’s electrolyte composition. Crush 12 aspirin tablets into a fine powder, and add about 180 ml of warm water to create the solution. Pour the solution over the positive and negative battery terminals, and add more water to cover all the plates if necessary.8 Aug 2022 ... It is an indication that the battery was left at a partially discharged state for a significant period of time before the vehicle was delivered. We gave you the definitive Car Battery Voltage Chart for cars in the UK, in 2023. We talked about what these voltages actually mean, and how you can interpret the battery voltages you measure. We noted that 12.6-12.7 Volts is the normally voltage for a fully charged battery, and showed which voltages correspond to which approximate charge % level. Most retailers offer a simple free five-minute battery test. Use our Find a Retailer for a location near you to get a free battery test. When fully charged, how many volts should a car battery have? charged automotive batteries should measure at 12.6 volts or above. When the engine is running, this measurement should be 13.7 to 14.7 volts.In less than 10 years, this Chinese company has beaten Panasonic and LG. It now powers more electric vehicles than any other battery company. CATL doesn’t have a 100-year track rec...The profiles represent the voltage of the battery without the BMS, that is, allowing the voltage to be outside the operating window. In the timestamps where the …Jul 13, 2023 · Your battery is fully charged if the voltage measurement is about 12.66 volts. When the engine is operating, the voltage of a completely charged automobile battery should be between 13.7-14.7 volts. However, do not check the battery while the vehicle is running, as this is more of an alternator test than a battery test. Oct 23, 2023 · What is a good state of charge for a car battery? A good state of charge for a car battery is between 75% and 100%. In general, it is recommended to keep the battery charged as much as possible to ensure optimal performance and longevity. What is state of charge for 12v battery? The state of charge for a 12v battery is the same as any other ... Often it is the old car batteries with highest demand for reconditioning, however, you also have house batteries for nearly free from scrap factories which can work for reconditioning as well. ... First step is to check the battery voltage and ensure it to be less than 12 V. This shows that it is already dead. Heat about half a liter of ...Charging An EV’s Battery. Most electric vehicle charging is done at home, either via a conventional 120-volt circuit (known as Level 1 charging) or a dedicated 240-volt line (Level 2 charging). Depending on the vehicle’s battery capacity it can take anywhere from eight hours to more than 16 hours to achieve a full charge using Level 1 charging. Get a dependable car battery from AutoZone. With proven tough coverage from Duralast, premium performance from Optima and Odyssey, and economical buys from Valucraft, AutoZone has the right car batteries you need to stay on the road. Proven tough Duralast batteries fit most modern makes and models, for everyday driving and performance. Most car batteries are called “12-volt,” but actual voltage depends on the state of the charge. This test can be performed with a simple voltmeter or multimeter, but a battery tester will determine this as well. Determine if your battery is within the healthy voltage range. Fully charged, it should read 12.6 volts or higher. At 12.4 volts ...27 Jun 2012 ... Sometimes you need a constant powersupply for devices. You need a buck-boos-inverter with a input range from 10V to 16V an a constant output of ...Power is the product of voltage and current, so the equation is as follows: P = V × I. With this formula you can calculate, for example, the power of a light bulb. If you know that the battery voltage is 18 V and current is 6 A, you can that the wattage will be 108 W with the following calculation: P = 6A × 18V = 108 …15 Jul 2023 ... The alternator is not charging your battery. Your battery reading of 11.5V is in the dead territory. It should be at least at 12.6 volts. 12.9V ...21 Dec 2011 ... If accurate, your 12.4v reading would be a little low, not very low but in this car that may be enough to give you trouble starting. If you can ...This method involves measuring the battery’s voltage and comparing it to a reference voltage that corresponds to a known SoC. ... What is a good state of charge for a car battery? A good state of charge for a car battery is between 75% and 100%. In general, it is recommended to keep the battery charged as much as possible to ensure optimal ...1 Sept 2023 ... There are many internet sites that suggest that 12.4 volts is the lowest voltage a charged battery should go down to before it needs recharging.The ideal car battery voltage with the engine running is between 13.7 and 14.7V. With the engine off, you should get a reading of 12.6 volts. If the battery isn’t fully charged, it will …Mar 5, 2024 · The float voltage of a flooded 12V lead-acid battery is usually 13.5 volts. The 24V lead-acid battery state of charge voltage ranges from 25.46V (100% capacity) to 22.72V (0% capacity). The 48V lead-acid battery state of charge voltage ranges from 50.92 (100% capacity) to 45.44V (0% capacity). When the probes touch the terminals while the car is off and the battery is resting, the multimeter display should show a reading of 12.2 to 12.6 volts (full charge). …A measuring device which can only measure the state of charge of the battery is suitable to test a conventional car battery. In an ideal case, an open circuit voltage of about 12.8 V is measured with a Multimeter. If the voltage falls below 12.4 V, the battery should be recharged as soon as possible.This is the most important measure of a battery, and is the typical rating used for selecting the appropriate battery for a vehicle. Reserve Capacity (RC) – measured in minutes, this is how long the …The voltage of a battery is a fundamental characteristic of a battery, which is determined by the chemical reactions in the battery, the concentrations of the battery components, and the polarization of the battery. The voltage calculated from equilibrium conditions is typically known as the nominal battery voltage.A good battery will sit around 12.6 to 12.8 volts when fully charged. When a good battery is put through a load test equal to its rated CCA (cold cranking amps) its voltage will drop to around 9.6 to 10.5 volts depending on the ambient temperature. It will then shoot back up to ~12.6 volts once the load is removed. … Car starter batteries are purpose built to provide a short burst of amps to start your car’s electronics and engine but not to “deep-cycle”. They are instead rated in Cranking Amps or Cold Cranking Amps which is the number of amps provided for 30 seconds until the battery voltage drops to 7.2 at 32 or 0 degrees Fahrenheit, respectively. To test a car battery with a multimeter, set the multimeter to measure DC voltage, and set the dial to 20 volts; with the car off, disconnect the battery cables and attach the mult...Most people know that the battery in their car has a 12-volt rating, but what voltage is a car battery really? It might surprise you to learn this value isn’t stable over …In less than 10 years, this Chinese company has beaten Panasonic and LG. It now powers more electric vehicles than any other battery company. CATL doesn’t have a 100-year track rec...The battery voltage is an indicator of the state of charge of the battery. A fully charged battery should read 12.6 volts or more with the engine off. If the battery shows less than 12 volts, it's completely discharged. However, even an old failing battery with low capacity will show 12.6 volts when fully charged.Step 6: Fully Test the Battery. Once the battery is fully charged, it can be tested to determine whether it is good or bad. Most auto parts stores will do this for free. With an electronic tester: This test sends a frequency wave through the battery to determine the condition of the cells inside. That’s it!Addionics, an Israeli/U.K. startup that is developed next-generation rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles and other applications, has raised $6 million in funding. The roun...View Details. BattRE Electric Mobility BattRE Electric gps:ie. 65 km. ₹64,990. Li-ions Elektrik Solutions Li-ions Spock Electric Scooter. 130 Km. ₹65,000. “Globally, end …When a 12-volt battery is fully charged, it should read between 12.4 and 12.8 volts on a voltmeter. Any reading above 12.9 volts indicates that the battery is overcharged. Conversely, a reading below 12.4 volts indicates that the battery is discharged and needs to be recharged. It is essential to maintain your battery’s charge …V – Voltage of the battery; and; Q – Battery capacity, measured in amp-hours. ... 5 hours, assuming that you have a 12 V 200 Ah car battery and a charging rate is 0.2C. To find it: Calculate the runtime to full capacity using t = 1/C: t = 1/0.2 = 5 hours or 300 minutes.Dec 19, 2023 · To test the charging system, start by checking the battery voltage with the engine off. The resting voltage of a fully charged 12-volt car battery should be between 12.45 and 12.6 volts. If the voltage is below this range, the battery may need to be charged or replaced. Next, start the engine and check the voltage again. That voltage, with no load, is for a nearly discharged battery. You can connect a charger whilst the battery is in the car. Keep the trunk and battery compartment open when charging. Measure the voltage after an overnight charge, and 1 hour after disconnecting the charger. If the voltage is not 12.5+, the battery is dying.Car batteries are designed for one purpose – provide a powerful, quick, high-amperage current to the starter to start the car, and then constantly have this charge of 12.6 volts maintained by the alternator once the car is running. The following things, however, can cause a battery to either not retain that charge, or not …Nominal cell voltage. 3.6 / 3.7 / 3.8 / 3.85 V, LiFePO4 3.2 V, Li4Ti5O12 2.3 V. A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses the reversible intercalation of Li + ions into electronically conducting solids to store energy. In comparison with other commercial rechargeable batteries, Li-ion batteries are ...Testing your car battery voltage. The simplest and best way to perform a car battery check is to use a car battery tester. These are available from any good car accessory retailer and are very ...The profiles represent the voltage of the battery without the BMS, that is, allowing the voltage to be outside the operating window. In the timestamps where the …The voltage of a battery is a fundamental characteristic of a battery, which is determined by the chemical reactions in the battery, the concentrations of the battery components, and the polarization of the battery. The voltage calculated from equilibrium conditions is typically known as the nominal battery voltage.The normal car battery voltage, measured when the engine is off, should read 12.6 volts (known as resting voltage). Car batteries usually provide these 12.6 volts through six …A car’s battery voltage varies depending on the engine conditions. When the battery is fully charged and the engine is ON, the voltage is from 14.1 to 14.8 Volts. It can drop to 12.1 Volts when the charge is 50%. If you prefer to learn more about car battery voltage charts, you will turn to our writing. Let’s begin….Which is the best car battery tester in 2023? Our team reviewed and ranked ten top brands to help you make an educated decision. ... The last thing that you need to check before purchasing a battery tester is the battery’s voltage. Unless you drive a larger truck of some sort, your vehicle should have a 12-volt … | Cqgjkviom (article) | Mzivmg.